If we take HU Aquarii's published orbit period of 125 minutes, T (1/2 orbit) = 62.5 minutes) and estimate the average orbital speed v as being 1000 km/sec for the fastest component (from figure 6, Schwope, et. al.) we can use equation 4 to calculate a hypothetical Ritz-de Sitter overtaking distance L.

This comes out to be L = 0.018 LY or 29 times the Sun-Pluto distance.

The shape of the apparent velocity curve for the HVC producing component is more or less equivalent to an "acceleration" produced apparent Doppler curve for an object whose extinction distance is on the order of 0.25 L. The extinction distance, based on the HVC component, would thus be about 0.0045 LY or seven times the Sun-Pluto distance.

Gamma-Ray Bursts

The Microscopic Arena

It may be thought of as a kind of coherence limit measure. Beyond this distance the saddle-like presentations get wider and wider as a function of distance and begin overlapping in a fashion that hides observable evidence of the periodic nature of the Bohr orbit.

For a Bohr radius of 5.3 x 10e-11 meter and electron orbital frequency of 6.8 x 10e+15 cycles per second, we have T (one half orbit) = 7.3 x 10e-15 seconds and linear velocity v = 7.2 x 10e+5 meters/second. This gives us
Ritz-de Sitter overtaking distance of 4.6 microns. At distances greater than this, atomic electrons will tend to appear to be electrodynamically non-interactive with their environment while for shorter distances they may interact coherently with each another.

Footnotes

The source code for D-CEPHEI is available at /~rsf1/bas/d-cephei.bas . It can be saved to disk and run using Microsoft QuickBASIC.

An executable version of d-Cephei may run on-line [Be sure to exit the program by hitting ESC.] or be saved to disk and run from there using your DOS prompt. (Go to the directory and type d-Cephei and hit enter.) [Added 27 Apr 2004.]

Don't Take This Extrasolar Planet Off the List Just Yet - By Robert Roy Britt - Senior Science Writer - Space.com - Posted on Science - Hubble Space Telescope, 09 Sep. 2002 -- "Tennessee State University astronomer Greg Henry said on Sep 5 [2002] his team is very confident that signals thought to represent a planet's gravitational influence on the star's position [HD 192263] -- a technique called radial velocity or the wobble method -- were instead dark regions, like sunspots, rotating across the star." "Swiss planet hunter does not agree.." -- "...'photometric' measurements of star spots on HD 192263 reflect the same time period of repetition, 24 days, as the radial velocity measurements..." [Added 10 Jan 2005. Simultaneous photometric and radial velocity measurements had not been made as of Sep 2002.]

Astron. Astrophys. 322, 751-755 (1997) - L. Labhardt, A. Sandage and G.A. Tammann - Procedure to find <B>, <R>and <I> for Cepheids from isolated observations using the complete light curve in V - "Due to the extreme pressure on HST telescope time, Time Allocation Committies have always taken a minimalist approach in their assignment of the amount of telescope time. The time eventually assigned has always been insufficient to obtain complete Cepheid light curves in two wavelength bands." - [Added 12 Dec 2004.]

World's most advanced camera captures binary star eclipse - National Maritime Museum - Royal Observatory Greenwich. European astronomers have used a completely new type of optical detector to simultaneously measure colour and intensity changes in a binary star for the first time. (Movie of eclipsing binary UZ Fornacis is provided.) [Added 03 Dec 2004.]

V.M. Bernstein's Development of Gauss-Weber Electrodynamics ... Without Waves.

Marshall Space Flight Center's Mar 28, 1998 Space Sciences Feature reports Scientist finds 2-in-1 burster; Pulsar goes off twice each orbit "A NASA scientist has found a new puzzle in the sky, an X-ray pulsar that appears to be in a lopsided orbit that makes it burst twice every 'year' rather than once." According to the Ritzian hypothesis the "bursting" object would be a compact binary (perhaps a neutron star and a brown dwarf) which has a harmonically phase-locked period equal to one half of that for its orbit around the Be star with its circumstellar disk).
See: http://wwwssl.msfc.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast25mar98_1.htm and Figure 6, above.

Kevin Krisciunas' article: A New Class of Pulsating Variable Stars http://www.astro.washington.edu/kevin/gdor.html which deals with what might have been hypothesized to be single stars with rotational modulation of starspots but because of their Cepheid-like phase relation between their light curves and their apparent radial velocity curves have been reclassified as exhibiting non-radial gravity modes. At first look the behavior of these objects may be considered as consistent with the Ritzian hypothesis being "pushed" in this article.

Line doubling phenomena From On the origin of shock waves in the Cephei star BW Vulpeculae, 8/13/1998 by P. Mathias, D. Gillet, A.B. Fokin and T. Cambon.

R.A. Waldron's book, The Wave and Ballistic Theories of Light(9), for an excellent study comparing light wave propagation in an electromagnetic elastic medium versus light projected from electrodynamic sources.

Bryan Wallace's Farce of Physics : Relativity Revolution http://surf.de.uu.net/bookland/sci/farce/farce_7.html#SEC7 which deals with Sekerin's paper and the 1989 Leningrad conference on The Problem of Space and Time in Modern Physics.

Curtis Renshaw's article, Special Relativity Theory Aberrated: Response to Cynthia Whitney http://renshaw.teleinc.com/papers/aberrate/aberrate.stm , which deals with J.G. Fox's handling of the binary star issue and the extinction theorem.

Light Curves of Variable Stars : A Pictorial Atlas by C. Sterken (Editor), C. Jaschek (Editor) at Amazon.com

References

(1) W. Ritz, Ann. de Chim. et de Phys., 13, 145-275 (1908). [For an English translation of several sections from this document see: Critical Researches on General Electrodynamics.
(2) W. de Sitter, Phys. Zeits., 14, 429 (1913) - (English Trans.). Also see the on line de Sitter Bio which mentions his 1913 argument against Ritz's theory.
(3) J.G. Fox, Am. J. Phys., 33, 1 (1965).
(3a) W. Pauli, Theory of Relativity, (1958), pp. 5-9, Pergamon Press, Inc., New York. [This is a secondary reference. The Tolman references are R. Tolman, Phys. Rev. 31, 26 (1910) - NADS ; ibid. 35, 136 (1912) - NADS. These NADS articles require subscripton for access.]
(3b) J.G. Fox, Am. J. Phys., 30, 297 (1962).
(4) V.I. Sekerin, Contemporary Science and Regularity in its Development, 4, 119-123, (1987) Tomsk University. See: Gnosiological Peculiarities in the Interpretation of Observations (For Example the Observation of Binary Stars).
(5) A. Einstein, Sidelights on Relativity, G.B. Jeffery and W. Perrett, translators (Methuen & Co., London (1922) p. 11.
(6) E. Massaro, M. Litterio, G. Cusumano, T. Mineo, Nucl. Phys. B - Proc. Supp., 69, 269-272 (1998). NADS
(7) R.Gilmozzi, R. Messi, and G. Natali, Astrophys. J., 245, L119 (1981). NADS
(8) A. Schwope, K-H. Mantel and K. Horne, Astron. & Astrophys., 319 894-908 (1997). NADS
(9) R.A. Waldron, The Wave and Ballistic Theories of Light, Frederick Muller (1977)