West Nile Virus, Part 2
Information on Outbreaks Since 1937
Latest update, 11 Feb 2011
There is a comprehensive historical study of WNV outbreaks in Europe(4), but onset
dates are not given. WNV events in each country are generally given by the years in
which they occurred. The bibliography of this document is being used to find original
published sources in order to get the onset dates.
1951 - Israel
July-August - Galil - Hadera area (N and NW part of Israel).
(Israel Ministry of Health: preliminary info.) [Since a firm onset date is not presently
known by this writer, July 15th will be used.]
1954 - Israel
July-August - Galil - Hadera area (N and NW part of Israel). (Israel Ministry of Health
preliminary info.) This outbreak was in the same area and same time of year as in the
1951 outbreak. These factors seem to indicate a terrestrial source in this case.
1996 - Romania
West Nile encephalitis epidemic in southeastern Romania (2)
Between July 15 and October 12, 1996, 393 [human] patients were identified with serologically confirmed or probable WNF infection, of whom 352 had acute central-nervous-system infections. Report was by members of the Division of
Vectorborne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Fort Collins, CO, USA.
[July 15, 1996 was 34 days following the June 11 Venus inferior conjunction. There
may have been earlier cases, but that info has not been found by this writer yet.]
Viral meningitis in Romania - Update 3: 24 September 1966 - http://www.who.int/disease-outbreak-news/n1996/sept/n24sep1996.html -
[Link no longer works.]
As of 23 September, a total of 450 cases of viral meningitis had been
reported in the outbreak which started in Bucharest at the end of July.
...The WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Arboviruses
and Haemorrhagic Fevers at Pasteur Institute, Paris, France has confirmed
infection with West Nile virus in 89% of the patients investigated with very
high levels of IgM antibody... Infection with West Nile virus can be
asymptomatic or cause an influenza-like illness. Severe manifestations
include meningitis and meningoencephalitis... Source: WHO/OMS Communicable
Disease Surveillance and Response (CSR) report.
1999 - United States
The first case of West Nile virus in the Western hemisphere has been
reported to have occurred in New York City (two dead crows) on June 29,
1999. The onset may have been about two weeks earlier. According to
a U.S. Government Accounting Office report(3), a veterinarian at Bayside
veterinary clinic (New York City area?) found crows with signs of
nervous system disorders in the mid-June to late July 1999 time frame.
The birds were treated. Those that survived were released.
Based on the idea that new batches of WNV come to us from Venus, and
that our aerobiological "delivery system" most likely behaves in a
sporadic fashion, it is postulated that there should have been cases
of WNV in geographical pockets around the country at the same time that the
eastern seaboard events occurred. (Human population densities in the
region of New York City (and surrounding urban areas) would tend to make
discovery and reporting of WNV more probable than in less-dense countrywide
environs.) Sudden cases of encephalitis, meningitis, and/or poliolike
symptoms (of unknown origin) that occurred in the July through October
1999 time frame should be candidates for after-the-fact serological WNV
investigations. (The author is aware of two such cases in his northeast
Mississippi home town, population 35,000.) Consideration of this matter
should not be limited to the United States. [Added 29 September 2002.]
2000 - Israel
16 July - First Human cases.
2001 - Israel
16 July - First Human cases.
2002 - Israel
16 July - First Human cases.
Special Problem
(Added some time in September 2002)
If one chooses to think in terms of extraterrestrial pathogens entering Earth's upper
atmosphere one to two months prior to their expression at the Earth's surface, then
the upper atmosphere drop-in time frame (for the June 29, 1999 USA WNV bird
deaths) would have been roughly April 29 to May 29. In the middle of that period, the
angle between Venus and Earth, with respect to the sun, would have been on the order of
70 degrees. At that angle the solar wind should have blown Venusian particles, biological
or otherwise, well clear of the Earth. See diagram (A) This looks like trouble for the
Venusian pathogen hypothesis.
Venus-Sun-Earth angle approx 70 degrees - Normal solar wind.
Bad stuff is "blown away."
An unprecedented solar wind disruption took place on May 10, 1999, which may
have some bearing on the interplanetary particle delivery problem. From late May 10 to
early May 12, NASA's ACE and
Wind spacecraft observed
that the density of the solar wind dropped by more than 98 percent. See NASA's article:
The Day the
Solar Wind Disappeared.
This writer speculates that the unusually intense Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB 990510), which was
also detected on May 10, 1999, at about 8:49 universal time (UT), caused the solar wind
disruption just mentioned.
The effects of the GRB should have been at least two-fold.
Keep in mind that the GRB radiation roared through the solar system from a point near the South
celestial pole, and that most of the material density associated with the solar wind is concentrated
near the solar system's equatorial plane. (Click
here to see a graph of Ulysses
spacecraft data regarding solar wind density and speed as functions of heliographic latitude.)
I suggest that that the majority of all exposed solar wind atomic
nuclei, those more massive than hydrogen (H1), would tend to have been
photodissociated (all the way down to protons and electrons) by the
Gamma radiation.
[The word "disassembled" was replaced by "photodissociated" on 25 November
2004.]
[See: GRB 990510 and a Solar Wind Problem for
further details, including the rest of the story about the
Gamma induced photodissociation of massive nuclei.
The NASA article,
referenced above, described a paucity of heavier ions in the solar wind. (Time frame
not stated.) "According to observations from the ACE spacecraft, the density of helium dropped
to less that 0.1% of its normal value, and heavier ions, held back by the Sun's gravity, apparently
could not escape the Sun at all.") That reads as though the Sun's solar wind propulsion
mechanism must have temporarily lost its ability to accelerate the heavier ions to their escape
speeds. (There may be a problem with that line of reasoning.) For the average solar wind
speed, which is on the order of 400 kilometers per second, it takes 4.3 days for ions to
travel from Sun to Earth. If the sun had lost its acceleration vigor, so to speak, at
the same time as the wind density began decreasing, we wouldn't have known about it until
about four days later.
[This last sentence is not stated correctly. What should have been said is: "If the sun had lost its
acceleration vigor, so to speak, at the same time as the wind density began decreasing, there
should have been some remarkable corresponding optical or electromagnetic perturbation in the
Sun's appearance starting four to five days prior to May 10th." RSF 7 July 2003]
If the GRB unwound the heavier nuclei, then the deed should have been accomplished
within a fraction of a second* whenever/wherever the radiation passed through a
given volume of space. Instant plasma puree! Comparison of various spacecraft data has
probably already resolved that question. *GRB 990510 had a complex light curve which
lasted approximately 105 seconds.